Saturday, November 26, 2005

Equipment to get started

Two boxes just arrived. I’m EXCITED!! I'm waiting for one more... the little Dell box with my laptop computer. It should arrive in about a week. Then the journey will officially begin. Here’s what we purchased to get started:

1 - Dragon Naturally Speaking 8 Preferred - about $250 - Amazon.com
(We later found we needed to upgrade to Dragon Professional in order to save audio) $539.99 - Amazon.com

1 - SY100 TalkTech Sylencer with single mic & 1/8" plug - $189.00 talktech.com
1 - USB100 Half Duplex (Mono) Andrea USB Adapter - $44.95 - talktech.com

We picked Dragon because it has a reputation for being more accurate than it's competition, IBM’s Via Voice. Via Voice is faster, but not as intelligent. I understand that Dragon looks at the context of the sentence to choose the correct homophone (words that sound alike but are spelled different - like "bear" and "bare"). This reduces the number of mistakes.

The Sylencer is a steno mask microphone. It silences the speech of the Voice Writer and also serves to block out any background noise. Since our goal is to caption our entire church service, it will be impossible to train the computer to recognize every voice used on stage. To remedy this, we will use a "shadow speaker." This person will train the software to recognize his/her voice and then will repeat what is being said from the variety of speakers on stage.

Friday, November 25, 2005

We have an interpreter. Why Add Captions?

Our church already has sign language interpreting, why add captions?
www.robson.org/capfaq/online.html#VoiceRecognition writes:

Captioners and sign interpreters address two different groups of people.

Prelingually deaf (or culturally Deaf) people have sign language (usually ASL) as their first language. English came later. They will be much more comfortable with an interpreter, and their comprehension level will be higher. For someone accustomed to ASL, English is quite limited in its expression, and written English is very "dry." Additionally, a Deaf person who has spent most of their life communicating in ASL may not have developed the reading speed necessary to follow captions in realtime.

Postlingually deaf people (or late-deafened adults) learned English before they learned to sign, if they learned to sign at all. For these people, captions will provide a far greater comprehension level. Of the deaf and hard of hearing population in the United States, roughly 10% actually know sign language. Captions benefit the rest.

Each method of communication has its strengths. For example, in a speech with heavy use of proper names and specialty terminology, it may be easier to follow captions than a frantically fingerspelling sign interpreter.

The maximum flow of information and comprehension will occur when sign interpreters and captioners work together at the event.

Deaf Church or Hearing Church

While many of the people in the deaf community can benefit from interpreted and/or captioned church services. I believe the culturally Deaf (prelingual deaf who use ASL as their first language) will likely never feel like they fit or belong in a hearing church. This isn't true of everyone, but I believe this may be the reason why very few prelingually Deaf individuals are found at hearing churches.

Hearing churches try to make deaf people feel at home in their churches but all deaf people are not alike. Hearing churches that try to minister to the culturally Deaf by bringing them into their church and providing an interpreter or captioning may be compared to missionaries who go to another country and try to make the people worship the American way and to learn from an English Bible. The people never quite feel like it's their church--never feel at home.

Best case scenario, it would be ideal for the culturally Deaf to have their own church where they worship in their own way and with a Bible that is in their heart language. Without this they will likely never feel it’s their church and they will likely also feel a distance from God. See the Door International website for more about Deaf Churches.

Monday, November 21, 2005

My Story





God has given me a life filled with purpose. I enjoy my life. First and foremost I love my role as the wife of a wonderful man and the mom of two terrific children. I love my family greatly and seek to make our home a place where we all love to live.

A second role I love is with the Deaf Ministry at our church. Since captioning is the focus of this blog, let me focus on that subject and tell you how I got started in ministry with the Deaf.

My Introduction to Signing:

Back in 1988 I was studying to become a missionary at Point Loma University in beautiful San Diego. The student that lived across the hall from me met a deaf student on campus and made it her goal to learn to communicate with him. She didn’t want to be his only friend so she sought out to teach as many of her friends as possible. She faithfully came home every night with new signs and taught them to us. She would then quiz us on the words she had already taught. I learned, but lacked motivation. Motivation ultimately came in the form of friendship…maybe even a little crush on the deaf student. It’s amazing how much quicker one learns when one wants to learn!

I learned quite a bit of sign language during those college years, but after graduation my deaf friend and all of those who signed moved. I didn’t sign for about 6 years.

Learning to Become an Interpreter:

During those 6 years, I met my husband and married. In search for a good career and a flexible schedule, I then decided to take some American Sign Language (ASL) classes. I thought that interpreting might be the perfect match for a full time mom and wife. I completed all but one class in the interpreter program at our community college and passed the interpreting evaluation to interpret for college level classes. However, I chose not to start down that road since I didn’t feel ready to be an interpreter.

Working in a Deaf Environment:

Instead, I applied for a job at DawnSignPress (DSP), a Deaf owned publishing company in Mira Mesa. About half of the employees are Deaf and half are hearing. Almost all of the employees know sign language. In this environment, I met many Deaf friends and learned much more about the Deaf Culture and ASL. I worked at DSP until I adopted our firstborn baby in February of 1997.

My First Try at Interpreting:

Let me back up a little…While I was an interpreting student, a man at my church approached me. His name was Lance. He asked if I would be willing to sign for him at church. I said, “I can’t. I’m still a student and I don’t know enough sign language to interpret.” He responded, “Anything you can do will help me. I want to go to this church with my family. Anything will be better than trying to lipread.” He also suggested I ask one of the other students from my interpreting class to team with me. I agreed to give it a try.

Learning to sign in pictures:

This experience signing at my church taught me SO MUCH!!

I didn’t understand why, at that time, but Lance did not understand any fingerspelling. As a result, I could not ask him what the sign for a word was. For example: The pastor would say something like “Jesus was without sin.” Since I didn’t know what the sign for sin was (because they don’t teach that kind of vocabulary at the Community College) I would replace the word "sin" with words I knew, like “Jesus always obeyed God, 100%” or “Jesus never did wrong/bad.” It was a constant challenge and caused me to think deeply about the meaning of words, especially religious words. This also helped me to get away from signing in English word order.

I signed for Lance at church for 2-3 years, and then one day he came into church limping. Since he was only about 35 and his body looked strong (He obviously lifted weights and exercised regularly), I was puzzled. I asked him what happened. He said his leg just started hurting and that he had an appointment with a doctor scheduled. The next week when he came into church he told me he had late stage colon cancer and would die very soon. He died two weeks later. I was shocked. I didn’t know Lance well, but I’m thankful that God brought him into my life. Before I knew Lance I could only express thoughts and sentences in signed sentences that were like English. Lance caused me to see and express concepts and sentences in sign language pictures.

God Brings a Deaf Friend Into My Life:

While I was working at DSP I met a deaf woman who has brought me the next stretch in learning ASL. Her name is Maryann. Over the last eight years she has become a very dear friend.

Who is Teaching Who?

Maryann found out that I am a Christian when another deaf woman came up and warned her that I'm a Christian. Yes, warned her. I’m not sure why she did that, but it made Maryann very curious to know me more. I’m glad it happened. To make a long story short, Maryann began asking me questions about church and God. I loaned her my copy of the video, The Life of Christ – it’s an ASL Bible translation of Jesus’ life. She watched it and had many questions so we set up a weekly time to get together to talk.

Every week we both learned. She learned the Bible and I learned ASL. She felt frustrated that she didn’t understand the Bible and I felt frustrated that I couldn’t sign good enough to explain. Neither of us gave up even though it was a great challenge. The result? Maryann accepted Jesus and began to trust Him to guide her life and my ASL improved dramatically. We’re still both learning and we make a great team.

I started interpreting at church when Maryann became interested in attending. This was only a few months after Lance died. I still sign at church weekly. Somewhere along the line I changed from a signer to an interpreter. How do I know? When I first started signing at church deaf people would visit and never return. I’m sure that they didn’t understand what I was signing. As the years passed other deaf people would visit. When they started staying I figured the message was now clear enough for them to understand.

God Answers Prayer:

Here’s another story worth sharing – When Maryann first became a Christian most of her friends decided to end their friendship with her. They didn’t want anything to do with a Christian. She was now very isolated since her new church didn’t have any deaf people or hearing people that signed. We tried having her teach an ASL class at the church so more hearing people could communicate with her, but ultimately she needed some deaf Christian friends. One night, our pastor asked us to write down a prayer request. This is what Maryann asked for, “more deaf people at our church.” In the next 3 months, we had 25 deaf people visit our church. We still don’t know how God did it, but deaf people started coming. Several stayed and have become good friends. God also brought interpreters to team interpret with me. God is so good!

Sunday, November 20, 2005

Glossary

CART Services - (Communication Access Realtime Translation). CART is most commonly seen in the classroom or business meeting when a deaf/hh person receives the written text of what is spoken through either a stenographer or a voice writer to a laptop computer.

Culturally Deaf - (or prelingually Deaf) people in America have sign language (usually ASL) as their first language. English came later. They will be much more comfortable with an interpreter, and their comprehension level will be higher. For someone accustomed to ASL, English is quite limited in its expression, and written English is very "dry." Additionally, a Deaf person who has spent most of their life communicating in ASL may not have developed the reading speed necessary to follow captions in realtime.


Dragon Naturally Speaking – Voice Recognition software “Dragon Naturally Speaking 8 Professional” is the version I’m referring to. We chose it because it has a reputation for being more accurate than its competition, IBM’s Via Voice. Via Voice is faster, but not as intelligent. I understand that Dragon looks at the context of the sentence to choose the proper word in the case of homophones. For example: "bear" and "bare" or “two” and “too.” This improves overall accuracy.


Homophone - words that are pronounced/sound alike but have different meanings. Homophones sometimes are spelled differently (example: too, two, to).


Prelingually deaf (see culturally deaf)


Postlingually deaf (or late-deafened adults) - individuals who learned a spoken language such as English before they learned to sign, some do not learn to sign at all. For these people, captions will provide a far greater comprehension level. Of the deaf and hard of hearing population in the United States, roughly 10% actually know sign language. Captions benefit the rest.


Shadow Speaker (Also called Verbatim Repetition) - Most commonly used when there are multiple speakers on stage. The computer is trained to recognize one Voice Writer's voice then that person speaks on behalf of all other speakers, copying or shadowing everything that is said into a microphone for the purpose of changing the spoken word into readable text or captions.

Stenomask (see Sylencer)


Sylencer - The Sylencer or Stenomask is a patented, hand-held device used to silence the user's voice. Inside is a special microphone allowing the speaker to transmit, record or communicate without being overheard by others. In essence, the Sylencer / Stenomask functions like a portable sound booth allowing quiet and private communication. It may be purchased at http://www.notetaker.net .


Voice Recognition Software - the conversion of spoken words into computer text. Speech is first digitized and then matched against a dictionary of coded waveforms. The matches are then converted into text as if the words were typed on the keyboard.


Voice Writer – Name for the person using Voice Recognition Software for the purpose of converting spoken speech to written form.